Two Approaches In Psychology Essay - 2019 Words

Two Approaches In Psychology In 1900, Sigmund Freud, a neurologist living in Vienna, first published his psychoanalytic theory of personality in which the unconscious mind played a crucial role. Freud combined the then current cognitive notions of consciousness, perception and memory with ideas of biologically based instincts, to make a bold new theory of psychodynamics. Freuds theory, which forms the basis of the psychodynamic approach, represented a challenge and a major alternative to behaviourism. Freuds theory of personality was based on the assumption that all our behaviour stems from the unconscious processes. He divided the personality into three different parts. The id, the†¦show more content†¦Freud believed infants derived pleasure from withholding and expelling faeces. At the age of three the child derives pleasure from fondling his or her genitals. Freud called this the phallic stage. During the phallic stage the child reaches a conflict called the Oedipal conflict. He describes this in the case of a boy whose sexual impulses are directed towards his mother. This leads him to perceive his father as a rival for affections. The boy fears the father will retaliate by castration. This anxiety is thought to be the basis of all later anxieties. The Oedipal conflict resolves at the latency period, which lasts from the age of seven to twelve. During this time children become less concerned with their bodies and turn their attention to life skills. Finally, adolescence and puberty bring about the genital stage, the mature phase of adult sexuality. Freuds theory of child development seems to put to much importance on body-parts and the sexual nature of child development. In particular he seems to have put to much importance on the Oedipus conflict. Freud conducted a case study in a five-year-old boy named Hans. Hans had a phobia of being bitten by a horse. Freud used his theory of the Oedipus conflict to interpret his phobia as an unconscious fear of being castrated by his father. It is worth mentioning that Hans father was a follower and supporter of Freuds ideas.Show MoreRelatedComparing Two Approaches to Cognitive Psychology1423 Words   |  6 Pages Cognitive psychology is concerned with the internal processes involved in making sense of the environment and deciding what action may be appropriate. These processes include attention, perception, learning and reasoning, (Eysenck and Keane, 2010).There are a number of approaches which can be used within this field, however for the purposes of the essay only two will be compared; cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology. The aims of cognitive neuroscientists are often similar to those of cognitiveRead MoreCompare Contrast Two Approaches to Psychology1527 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a discipline that involves monitoring mental processes and behaviour scientifically. Psychologists try to delve into the basic functions of a person and animals cerebral activity. This usually involves studying relationships, emotions, personality and many more areas of a person or animals day to day life. Psychology tends to steer towards finding reasons for a person or animals actions in an at tempt to resolve them. There are many different sub - fields of psychology, however it isRead MoreDescribe Two of the Major Approaches in Psychology. Choose Two from the Following Five: Psychodynamic, Behaviourist, Humanistic, Cognitive, or Biological.1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe word psychology derives from the Greek psyche (mind, soul spirit) and logos (discourse, study). It suggests that psychology is simply study of the mind. However, it is worth to mentioning that definition of psychology has been changed in order to dominant perspective. In 1879, when W. Wundt opened her first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig and origanated psychology as separate discipline, the definition of psychology was: the Science of Mental Life, both of its phenomenaRead MoreCritically Compare and Contrast Community Psychology and Public Health Approaches to Social Problems851 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity psychology and public health approaches to social problems. I will do this by comparing strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, as well as similarities between these approaches. To compare these two concepts, one should first have a basic understanding of the origins and historical development of community psychology and public health. According to the American Heritage Medical dictionary (www.ahdictionary.com) Community Psychology is â€Å"the application of psychology to communityRead MoreThe Contribution of Different Approaches to Psychology for the Development of Modern Psychology1147 Words   |  5 Pages Psychology is a vast field which consists of theories and approaches where it involves certain assumptions on human behavior. How they function and the aspects of the behavior that needs to be studied, in addition to the research methods that are needed to be followed in order to understand it thoroughly. These approaches provide characteristic viewpoints and emphasize different factors. These approaches have contributed towards the development of modern psychology in various ways. Read MoreCommunity Psychology1488 Words   |  6 Pagesand contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengths and pitfalls of each approach, similarities and differences and in what way these approaches do or do not supplement one another. Community Psychology according to The Cambridge Dictionary of Psychology is defined as â€Å"a branch of applied psychology that focuses on person-environmentRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1055 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring of environmental hazards (website two, 2007).† Both approaches have its ownRead MoreComparison with Community Psychology and Public Health1049 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines community psychology (CP) as â€Å"the application of psychology to community programs for the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health.† Public health (PH) on the other hand is defined as â€Å"the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community as by preventative medicine; health education; control of communicable diseases; application of sanitary measures and monitoring of environmental hazards (website two, 2007).† Both approaches have its ownRead MoreSocial Psychology Theories About Attitude Development And Attitude Change865 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is created in hopes of generating a deeper understand ing of attitudes and social psychology and their importance to the social world for all individuals. This should be accomplished through evaluating and addressing how attitudes develop through the social learning theory and behaviorism; how attitudes change by implementing persuasion, cognitive dissonance, and emotion. Additionally, analyzing what approaches and programs are effective and ineffective in a couple of case studies such as sourceRead MoreThe Diver810 Words   |  4 Pagesse Nature of Psychology The Diverse Nature of Psychology Christine Woyner PSY 490 September 19, 2011 Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology The diverse nature of psychology begins with making a difference in a diverse setting. This involves the implementation of critical psychology concepts, subdisciplines and subtopics, motivation, behaviorism, and cognition. Moreover, these subdisciplines and subtopics may be applied to other disciplines in contemporary society. In addition

Analysis Of Virgil s The Aeneid - 1791 Words

Obligation is a repeating topic all through Virgil s The Aeneid. It assumes a critical part as a key character attribute for the people that we experience. In the event that one takes the hero Aeneas aside and breaks down his tireless adherence to his own fate, alongside his unending sympathy toward the welfare of his Trojan individuals, one could captivate the thought that his devotion and obligation anticipate the idea of obligation to the Republic and submission to Caesar that may have won in Virgil s Roman culture. Compelled by a sense of honor Aeneas, as Virgil regularly portrays him (The Aeneid, p. 110, l. 545), frequently needs to make troublesome choices, here and there to the detriment of his own prompt satisfaction, to satisfy his predetermination as originator of Rome. All through his trips, he experiences different trials where each refines an alternate part of his character, developing him into a legend and a pioneer. For sure, his sentimental issue with Dido of Carthage drives him to make the troublesome decision of obligation over adoration (p. 107), and the regret that he shows as he appeases her soul in the Underworld exhibits his true lament for having harmed her (p. 175). Concerning Dido, one unmistakably sees that obligation holds a more noteworthy significance than feeling for Aeneas. Be that as it may, in the war with the Latins, one no more sees such a characterized good code. Aeneas conflicting conduct is obvious in his last fight with Turnus.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Vir gil s The Aeneid 996 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrates the concept of pietas in Virgil’s epic, The Aeneid in several different ways. Pietas is one’s own devotion to public duty or virtue and is only attainable through personal suffering and loss. The center of Aeneas’ pietas is his duty, to find Rome, which goes onto become a great empire. He has a few different things that motivate him; one of these things are that Rome is to be passed down to his son, another is his devotion to the gods. Though Virgil is very duty bound he may get thrown off his tracksRead MoreAeneid Analysis789 Words   |  4 PagesAeneid By Virgil Written 19 B.C.E Translated by John Dryden Analysis Jazymn Talley SNHU Analysis The intention of Virgil s poem, Aeneid, is to romanticize the origins of the Roman Empire. Aeneid shares many characteristic to Grecian writer Homer s Epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. Much of Roman culture is modeled after or inspired by the Greeks, especially the arts. Roman art, writings, religion, and celebrations were on the rise as they experienced a time of rest, enabling themRead MoreOctavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium1095 Words   |  5 Pagesbirth later in the reign. While it is true that Actium played little part in cementing Octavians position other than as a military victory, its political ramifications are represented by the notion of a fourth foundation of Rome, as alluded to by Virgil. By his own admission, Octavian was not a great general, but literature fails to portray this. The most significant alteration to fact is seen on the Shield of Aeneas . Octavian is shown commanding his army, the Senate and People with him, defe ndingRead MoreHow and to what purpose does Virgil use ekphrasis in the Aeneid3194 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿How and to what purpose does Virgil use ekphrasis in the Aeneid? Virgil’s use of ekphrasis in the Aeneid has attracted much attention by classical scholars; as such the coverage on this topic is extensive. This essay therefore does not aim to purport all of Virgil’s techniques and aims in regard to describing art in the Aeneid – a subject on which entire books have been written – rather the brevity of this essay necessitates an overview of the predominant theories, whilst attempting to shed lightRead MoreHow Dante Achieves a Synthesis Between Narrative and Cultural Elements in His Writing1565 Words   |  6 Pagesderived from paganism and his intentions as a Christian author writing for a Christian audience. Medieval literature in general attempted to do this and Dante was no different with regard to this in his copying of Virgil and the Aeneid in their depictions of hell in pagan mythology. Analysis There are a host of specific examples from pagan mythology in the Inferno. For instance, in Canto 15, we see Dante leaving the wood of suicides. The people there do not have a chance to assume a new metamorphosisRead MoreVirgil Analysis of Dante Inferno Essay example2202 Words   |  9 PagesVirgil Virgil came to be regarded as one of Romes greatest poets. His Aeneid can be considered a national epic of Rome and has been extremely popular from its publication to the present day. Virgil- Beatrice sends Virgil to Earth to retrieve Dante and act as his guide through Hell and Purgatory.   Since the poet Virgil lived before Christianity, he dwells in Limbo (Ante-Inferno) with other righteous non-Christians.   As author, Dante chooses the character Virgil to act as his guide because he admiredRead MoreLiterary Theorist Thomas Pavel Takes A New Approach In1021 Words   |  5 Pagesthat while Levi-Strauss’s structuralist interpretation of myth is important, it is too simplistic and does not suffice in giving an accurate analysis alone. He essentially uses Levi-Strauss s binaries as framework to approach the myth, but focuses on details within the oppositions to depict the consequences of action. In the Aeneid, an epic poem by Virgil, the binary opposition of voluntary associations versus blood relations is presented through Aeneas’s relationship with his father versus hisRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1852 Words   |  8 Pages how this experience illuminates the meaning of the work as a whole. You may choose a work from the list below or one of comparable literary merit. Do not merely summarize the plot. (2010 AP Literature and Composition) Disobedience and Exile an Analysis of Satan from Milton’s Paradise Lost John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost, has been the subject of criticism and interpretation through many years; these interpretations concur in that Adam and Eve are the sufferers of the poem, and it is theirRead MoreThe Waste Land By Eliot1870 Words   |  8 Pages‘It is obvious that we hear many voices in The Waste Land, less clear that what we hear is the voice of someone.’ Discuss. In this essay, I am going to argue that in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land, we do hear many voices, but they are not the voice of an identifiable person, and that is entirely clear. Furthermore, it is not problematic that the reader is unable to identify a single speaker, as the distance that is created between the poem and the reader is a stylistic choice made by the poet. OneRead More Francescas Style in Canto V of Dantes Inferno Essay5060 Words   |  21 Pagesresponse to Saint Augustines condemnation of Virgils Dido and Aeneas episode. Dante appropriates numerous figures from Saint Augustine in canto V in spite of his uneasiness with Augustines distrust of secular literatures as represented by Virgils Aeneid. For Augustine, secular literature is fraught with danger to mans salvation, and, in recent times, it is perhaps Dante Della Terza who best summarizes for us the Augustinian position towards literature and allegory as found in The Confessions:

Music especially rap music does it influence our mind and behaviour Essay Example For Students

Music especially rap music does it influence our mind and behaviour? Essay Music especially rap music does it influence our mind and behaviour? What do you think? If you heard a rap artist i.e eminem raping about killing his wife what would you think? Would you be sick or would you just class it as music? Well that is what I wanted to find out. People like different types of music and have different stereotypes i.e. some people may wear baggy clothing so in school they would be labelled moshers or Goths and people wearing designer label sport clothing with their socks tucked in are usually referred to as scallys, who made these words up? why common rule for children to obide by these words ? Are children really into music that much that if they heard the lyrics by eminem in the song Kim, would they be ready to kill someone? PLAY MUSIC NOW Eminem says One of you tries to grab a knife, and during the struggle he accidentally We will write a custom essay on Music especially rap music does it influence our mind and behaviour? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Gets his Adams apple sliced.And whiles this are going onhis son just Woke up, and he just walks inShe panicsand he gets his throat cut, so Now they both dead.and you slash your own throat, so now its double Homicide and suicide with no note, I should have known better when you Started to act weird, we couldve.HEY! Where you going.get back Here!!! You cant run from me Kim.Its just usNobody else! Youre only Making this harder on yourself meaning hes trying to make murder look like an accident. Now when children hear these types of lyrics how do they feel? Now other music artists i.e. the band so solid crew has been critised due to some of the band have been arrested but do there songs even compare to the disturbing and horrific kim lyrics? Here is 10 seconds of a new solid crew song titled broken silence PLAY SO SOLID CREW SONG! Now what do you think of this song ? this song is not a violence related, as in the song it mentions revolt the violence NOT premote the violence this is my broken silence which shows that the rnb band are not here to premote violence.But the firearms case against Asher D part of so solid crew proved that when out of the publics view some of the bands artists DO promote violence.Now this incident has been publicised but this jeporized the bands image and from then on they were labelled as There are other songs such as these tracks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.PLAY OTHER TRACKS ON CDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Now these are not connected with violence are they? PLAY COLDPLAY TRACK: now this is a soft pop song with no violence mentioned .most people will like this song and these are songs which are well known and NOT critised This song by coldplay has no SCARY feel to it its a relaxing song no violence mentioned, now are these the types of songs our children  should listen to? But some may find it boring right? But how do young children get hold of unsuitable lyrics? When all explicit lyrics have a warning like the one below Music critics are always criticising rap artists saying that rap artists influence gun violence. But isnt it your choice wither or not you pulling the trigger? Yes, maybe some songs do have lyrics which involve guns but this doesnt mean that the message the rap artists are giving is go and get a gun. Is gun violence promoted in the music industry? Months back there was a gun incident were four young people were shot in a shot out between rival gangs in Birmingham. .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 , .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .postImageUrl , .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 , .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4:hover , .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4:visited , .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4:active { border:0!important; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4:active , .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4 .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud12b7b6b90f979207289b8174213cff4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: New Business Venture: Music Academy EssayWhile on the internet I searched how music in influences and while searching I found out about horrific gang violence storys.now could these be connected with music? music does affect us because, when young, naive people listen to things like slipknot and Marilyn Manson, that does trigger something off in your head, and you may start following what your idol says. For example, do remember those girls in Italy who killed a nun because Marilyn Manson had sung it in a song?, what about the growing increase in gun crime, when all rappers do is sing about gangs and guns. Another thing is when ermine sings about drugs, so people are saying that because they listen to the music, they do not listen and understand any of the lyrics. In this comment I am mentioning that some girls killed a nun in Italy because Marilyn Manson hes referred to as a Goth had sung it in a song. Now do you think this is right? Why should rap/pop artists be blamed for the actions of other people? So what if someone sung/raped killing is good or something then why does you listen to it? Why are we so conscience of what we listen to and what we tell people? Teenagers are usually classed as being scallys or moshers within the north west of England .how come if you listen to rap music your suddenly liked by most people and if you listen to linkin park most people do not generally like you. And if you have extreme haircuts people dont generally like that so if people have one then they must be not mind what people say. Mainly it depends on society and how they feel on the subject of music, it seems that society thinks that we MUST listen to some kind of scally or mosher music as a child so the child can belong to a group of people. Why are we so stupid to follow idols and idolise they way we do? Why do we follow what they do and what they tell us to do? Are they a king or something that we have to do what they tell us, no they are just normal people who have been lucky  enough to become famous. Some people think the music group so solid crew attract attention As some of their band has been arrested for firearm possession but does that make it right for us to have one does it? So why do we blame them when it is our choice whether or not to break the Law isnt it? so if we break it is at our own risk but we still have an excuse to blame celebrities for acting the way we do is why we are always having trouble with firearms. If your point of view is that firearms are being abused then I agree but that is only my opinion and in this world that doesnt count as much does it? If we see that guns are being used by people on TV we think they are cool so irresponsible parents that they dont see what is going on to their child. Why is this? How come we cannot detect these signs? But we should try and not promote weapons but say they are not acceptable to children at an early age so they will understand sooner rather then later.

Macbeth Characters

'Macbeth' Characters The characters in Shakespeare’s Macbeth are, in large part, Scottish noblemen and thanes that Shakespeare lifted from Holinshed’s Chronicles. In the tragedy, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s ruthless ambition contrasts with the moral righteousness of King Duncan, Banquo, and Macduff. The Three Witches, evil characters at first glance, act both as agents and witnesses of fate, setting the actions in motion. Macbeth The thane of Glamis at the beginning of the play, Macbeth is the protagonist of the eponymous tragedy. He is initially presented as a Scottish nobleman and a valiant warrior, but his thirst for power and subsequent fear lead to his undoing. After he and Banquo listen to a prophecy delivered by the Three Witches, who proclaim him thane of Cawdor and, subsequently, king, he becomes corrupt. Macbeths wife persuades him to kill Duncan, the king of the Scots, during a visit to their castle in Inverness. He proceeds with the plan despite his doubts and fears and becomes king. However, his actions cause him to fall into a state of constant paranoia, to the point that he has his ally Banquo and MacDuffs family murdered. After seeking the witches advice, they tell him that no man â€Å"of woman born† will ever be able to slay him. He is eventually beheaded by Macduff, who was â€Å"from his mother’s womb untimely ripped.† Macbeth’s characterization can be described as anti-heroic: on one hand, he behaves like a ruthless tyrant, on the other, he does show remorse. Lady Macbeth Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth, is a driving force in the play. She first appears on stage reading a letter from her husband, who details the prophecy delivered by the witches predicting that he would become king of Scotland. She thinks her husband’s nature is â€Å"too full o the milk of human kindness† (act I, scene 5) and belittles his manhood. As a consequence, she pushes her husband to murder King Duncan and do whatever it takes to be crowned king of the Scots.   The deed leaves Macbeth so shaken that she has to take command, telling him how to lay out the crime scene and what to do with the daggers. Then, she mostly recedes as Macbeth turns into a paranoid tyrant, if not to remark to their guests that his hallucinations are nothing but a longtime ailment. However, in act V, she becomes unraveled, too, having succumbed to delusions, hallucinations, and sleepwalking. Eventually, she dies, presumably by suicide.   Banquo A foil to Macbeth, Banquo starts off as an ally- both are generals under King Duncan’s rule- and they meet the  Three Witches  together. After prophesying that Macbeth will become king, the witches tell Banquo that he will not be king himself, but that his descendants will be. While Macbeth is enthralled by the prophecy, Banquo dismisses it, and, overall, displays a pious attitude- by praying to heaven for help, for example- as opposed to Macbeth’s attraction to darkness. After the king’s murder, Macbeth starts seeing Banquo as a threat to his kingdom and and has him killed.   Banquos ghost returns in a later scene, causing Macbeth to react with alarm during a public feast, which Lady Macbeth chalks up to a long-term mental ailment. When Macbeth returns to the witches in act IV, they show him an apparition of eight kings all bearing a strong resemblance to Banquo, one of them holding a mirror. The scene carries deep significance: King James, on the throne when  Macbeth  was written, was believed to be a descendant from Banquo, separated from him by nine generations. Three Witches The Three Witches are the first characters to appear on stage, as they announce their agreement to meet with  Macbeth. Soon after, they greet Macbeth and his companion Banquo with a prophecy: that the former  shall be king, and the latter shall generate a line of kings. The witches prophecies have a great influence on Macbeth, who decides to usurp the throne of Scotland. Then, sought by Macbeth in act IV, the Witches follow Hecate’s orders and conjure visions for Macbeth that announce his impending demise, ending with a procession of kings bearing a strong resemblance to Banquo. Although during Shakespeare’s time witches were seen as worse than rebels, as political and spiritual traitors, in the play they’re amusing and confusing figures. It’s also unclear whether they control fate, or whether they are merely its agents. Macduff Macduff, the thane of Fife, also acts as a foil to Macbeth. He discovers the corpse of the murdered King Duncan in Macbeth’s castle and raises the alarm. He immediately suspects Macbeth of regicide, so he does not attend the crowning ceremony and instead flees to England to join Malcolm, King Duncan’s eldest son, to convince him to return to Scotland and reclaim the throne. Macbeth wants him murdered, but the hired assassins take his wife and his young children instead. Eventually, Macduff manages to slay Macbeth. Even though nobody â€Å"of woman born† could murder him, Macduff was actually born via caesarean section, which made him the exception to the witches’ prophecies. Duncan The King of Scotland, he symbolizes moral order within the play, whose values are destroyed and restored as the tragedy progresses. While trusting and generous in nature (his virtues / Will plead like angels, trumpet-tongu’d’I 7.17–19) especially towards Macbeth, he is firm in his punishment of the original thane of Cawdor.   Malcolm Duncan’s eldest son, he flees to England when he finds out his father was murdered. This makes him look guilty, but in reality he sought to avoid becoming another target. At the end of the play, he is crowned king of Scotland. Fleance Banquo’s son, he is ambushed by Macbeth’s assassins alongside his father, but manages to escape. Even though he does not become king at the end of the play, we know that the current English monarchy during Shakespeare’s time descends from Banquo.

Chemistry Definition of Gas Constant (R)

Chemistry Definition of Gas Constant (R) Chemistry and physics equations commonly include R, which is the symbol for  the gas constant, molar gas constant, or universal gas constant. The Gas Constant is the physical constant in the equation for the Ideal Gas Law: PV nRT P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, and T is temperature. Its also found in the Nernst equation relating the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential: E   E0  - (RT/nF)lnQ E is the cell potential, E0 is the standard cell potential, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, n is the number of mole of electrons exchanged, F is Faradays constant, and Q is the reaction quotient. The gas constant is equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, just expressed in units of energy per temperature per mole, while the Boltzmann constant is given in terms of energy per temperature per particle. From a physical standpoint, the gas constant is a proportionality constant that related the energy scale to the temperature scale for a mole of particles at a given temperature. Units for the gas constant vary, depending on other units used in the equation. One common value is  8.3145 J/mol ·K. Value of the Gas Constant The value of the gas constant R depends on the units used for pressure, volume and temperature. R 0.0821 liter ·atm/mol ·KR 8.3145 J/mol ·KR 8.2057 m3 ·atm/mol ·KR 62.3637 L ·Torr/mol ·K or L ·mmHg/mol ·K Why R Is Used for the Gas Constant Some people assume the symbol R is used for the gas constant in honor of the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, who performed experiments that were first used to determine the constant. However, its unclear whether his name is the true origin of the convention used to denote the constant. Specific Gas Constant A related factor is the specific gas constant or individual gas constant. This may be indicated by R or Rgas. It is the universal gas constant divided by the molar mass (M) of a pure gas or mixture. This constant is specific to the particular gas or mixture (hence its name), while the universal gas constant is the same for an ideal gas.

The Success of Woolworths Essays

The Success of Woolworths Essays The Success of Woolworths Essay The Success of Woolworths Essay The following report will investigate the Australian retail/grocery supermarket Woolworths and its parent company Woolworths Limited. This report will explore the success Woolworths and its contribution to the Australian economy. It will examine the following subjects: * About Woolworths * Business Structure * Responsibilities to Stakeholders * Internal and External Influences * Strategies for Future Growth About Woolworths Woolworths is a conventional supermarket owned by Woolworths Limited. It started as a basement store in Pitt Street in 1924, and is now one of the leading competitors in the supermarket business.With over 850 stores in Australia, and 110,000 Woolworths staff, they provide their customers with great service, products and price. With 96% of their fresh fruits and vegetables are Australian grown and 100% of their beef is Australian made, the aim to live to their slogan ‘the fresh food people’. They aim to develop long-term relatio nships with their producers and farmers, to have a consistent quality of fresh produces. Business Structure * Size Woolworths is classified as a national company. * Location Woolworths run their business in Australia, having a store in almost every regional and metropolitan area. Industry Type Woolworths is a tertiary retail company, providing the service to sell products made from other companies. * Legal Structure Woolworths is a subsidiary company, owned by Woolworths Limited. Responsibilities to Stakeholders Woolworths holds many responsibilities that their various stakeholders expect. They have taken the measure to make sure that the correct steps are taken to uphold these responsibilities. Stakeholders| Responsibility| Measures Taken| Investors| Competitive ROI, and being informed on the path the company takes| Quarterly investor briefings, open to all shareholders. Employees| Safe and healthy workplace | ‘Destination ZERO’, a project that plans to have zero harm to the employees. | Customers| Great service, and value for their money| Monitoring on the Australian shopping behavior and implements ideas that benefit the customers| Environment| Minimizing the impact on climate change and carbon footprint| $55. 7 million was spent energy efficient technology| Internal and External Influences Woolworths has been impacted both internally and externally to become what it is today. They have responded to these influences as they see fit.Internal Influences Marketing Strategies Woolworths has capitalized on the idea of becoming ‘the fresh food people’. They have implemented various different ways to approach the customers by informing them of healthy food choices, as well as fresh food facts. They have created a website that informs them of how and where their produces are made. They create commercials of ‘Fresh Market Update’, which summarizes which fruits and vegetables are in season. Their magazines, the Fresh magazine an d Australian Good Taste, are a monthly magazine that shows healthy recipes to recreate.This marketing push on their slogan reassures the customers that their choice in retailer to buy from is the healthiest choice. Location With over 850 store across Australia, customers are much more connected to the business. They are located in almost every metropolitan and regional area, with their fruits and meat suppliers close to the eastern suburbs. Figure 1 Source: woolworthsfacts. com. au/our-suppliers. php This strategy to keep most of their supplier close to the eastern suburbs can significantly decrease travel time; make sure they have the freshest fruits and meat to sell.Not only does their supplier’s location important, but also the store’s location is also strategically placed. As most of their stores are located in suburb areas, they are located in shopping centres that could attract the most visibility and exposure. Figure 2 Source: woolworthsfacts. com. au/our-supp liers. php Figure [ 2 ] Source: woolworthsfacts. com. au/our-suppliers. php Visibility Directly linking to location, visibility for any business is crucial for attracting customers. Woolworths can be located in different shopping centres that may also contain other competing supermarkets.This allows the customer to compare their prices to their competitors. Another benefit for visibility having exposure in busy and populated areas. For example, Woolworths’ large store in Pitt Street, Sydney is in a central hub of the city. They are able to gain a large amount of visibility and can attract the potential customers walking past. External Influences Economical The typical Australian household is budgeting their expenses due to the rising prices of everyday living. They have counteracted this by giving their customers a special sale of a different variety of products every week.This has allowed the customers to be able to spend less but still be able to get the same products they desired. Technology The accelerating technology today is rapidly increasing and people are becoming more connected to each other. The use of apps in phones is becoming more frequent and everything is becoming on-the-go. Woolworths has created a Woolworths App to seek an opportunity to connect to this audience. It is able to tell what is on season, what products are on special, as well as being able to create shopping lists with prices.Social Media The rise of technology has also given the rise to social networks. Many companies have risen to generate publicity within these social networks. Websites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube are the few names that Woolworths has created its Internet publicity. Strategies for Future Growth International Presence As of now, Woolworths is a household name across Australia. It is known best for its fresh produces and service. Their presence in the world has already reached New Zealand, with over 100 stores.A strategy for growth could be spre ading to different countries neighboring Australia, such as the South East Asian countries. This can help build relationships with neighboring countries and able to seek new customers on an international level. Pre-Prepared Meals and Home delivery Another recommendation would be having pre-prepared meals delivered to the doorstep. A problem most family households have is having the time to shop in the supermarket and cook. These pre-prepared meals will start off as a survey on how large your family is, as well as the variety of food they like to eat.These deliveries will also contain the other items you would likely get from the store. Summary The report above addresses Woolworths and its parent company Woolworths Limited the success and contribution to the Australian economy. The report identifies its business structure, responsibility to their stakeholders, explained 6 various influences (both internal and external) to their success in Australia and recommends strategies for futur e growth.

Ethics, wk 6, forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics, wk 6, forum - Essay Example They are not two opposite techniques that are against each other. If we analyze traditional policing techniques it is obvious that some of its practices are adopted by community policing. The different of the former from the latter is that the latter is broader in practice; while traditional policing is more reactive in nature. One thing that plays a vital role in community policing is interpersonal skills which definitely is a missing component in traditional policing. Interpersonal skills and oral communications are necessary components of community policing. A police officer who practices community policing must have the ability to develop rapport with citizens, so that trust can be built between community residents and the police. For example, one FTO wrote, "PT[2] is polite when speaking with citizens and suspects and is able to gather the necessary information to complete the investigation." (Chappell, 2007) During 2007, rate of violence and crime rises to a great extent in United States as compare to 2006. The rate rises to almost 1.1 percent in countries which were non-metropolitan and in different cities which has the population ranges between 10,000 till 24, 999. In metropolitan countries murder rates rises to 4.9 percent, in cities which has inhabitants for about 50,000 and 99,999 it raises to 3.2%. Burglary rates increases to 3.5 percent which definitely shows the need of proper strategy implemented by police to reduce crime. (Polite, 2010) There is no doubt in the fact the today’s crimes is complex as ever before. With the emerging crime rate, it is very obvious that traditional policing is not enough. Nowadays, police needs to be more active in the lives of the people they serve rather than just fight the wrong when it is committed. The strategies adopted by community policing is definitely going to take over the traditional policing efforts as now the scenario has

Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Case Study

Contemporary Developments in Business and Management - Case Study Example For that reason, since its origin in Nov. 1999, the corporation has gathered above VND 10 billion in its premium, out of which 7 billion has been invested again into the nationwide financial system. The hard work of this corporation in developing its company acts, improving the excellence of its clients care programs, and causative to the nationwide social and economic growths have been acknowledged by administrative organizations, clients and the people of Vietnam. This paper will discuss the internal and external analysis of Prudential Vietnam and some factors involved in the decision-making process of the said company (online). Prudential in Vietnam is a global retail pecuniary services group that intends to facilitate people protected and augment their own and their dependents' monetary comfort by providing investments, security and other products and services that are appropriate for their requirements. The only strategy of Prudential Vietnam is to construct flourishing and more and more beneficial businesses in each of these markets and in that way make the most of profits to their shareholders eventually. This report assesses the impact of external and internal factors on Prudential Vietnam and evaluates the industry's responses to such factors. Established in the UK in 1848, Prudential plc is one of the principal life and annuity giver in the UK and a top worldwide monetary services corporation with more than US$430 billion (June 2006) in finances under supervision, more than 21m clients and approximately 23,000 staff members globally. For the sake of meeting its mounting requirements of its clients, this corporation has passed to marketplace incorporated variety of monetary services productions that now consists of life the assurance, retirement funds, mutual funds, banking, asset board and all-purpose insurance (online). In 1995, the Prudential plc has established its first and foremost representative agency in Vietnam. From that time Prudential Vietnam has turned out to be a most dependable organization for myriads of clients through Vietnam - providing them appropriate support to meet their investments, security and their investment wants. Prudential plc has established its markets in Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, and following value-creation openings and predictions in the district's countless highly-potential and competitive marketplaces (online).

Foreign minister Essay Example for Free

Foreign minister Essay According to a former French foreign minister, America’s power lies in its ability to â€Å"inspire dreams and desires† due to its eternal presence in media all around the world. In an interconnected world, there is no doubt that the America more than country has acquired status of an empire, turning the world towards American ways. Some reason American military might and others consider its media the real power, however it’s the American businesses, which have changed the world enormously in the last 100 years. American companies today are doing not just business, but they have made America a world economic power. A slight depreciation in dollar or energy in US, the whole world can feel pinch of the impact. In a global economy, American companies are reaching out to the consumers and exploiting markets, be it China or Latin America or Japan or African countries, they are the force to reckon with. As they arrive in the region, they bring in capital, technology, knowledge and jobs for the local residents. And in addition buy from the local firms contributing to the social activities of the regions. Today America owes the world well- known products and brands, dominating the business models around the globe. Out of 100 famous brands, 62 are American, which is about 62 percent of the well-known brand. American companies contribute to the one third of the world economic output, companies like Coca-Cola, Macdonalds, Apple, IBM, and Microsoft has not only created wealth and jobs at home, but they have also created countless jobs overseas increasing American Influence. American companies deliver their products by basically in two ways: exports and over seas investment. These practices are popular ways of US companies to have their presence in the global business making them connected to many world economies. American firms compete more through foreign direct investment and establish by being on the ground. In simple words, the American firms global engagement is more through manufacturing and selling, such as General Motors manufacturing in Germany, Intel integrating in Ireland, Wal-Mart manufacturing in Jordan, Eastman Kodak competing Fuji in China and capturing sales in Latin America. It is no surprise that during the economic crisis of Mexico in 1995 and Asian crisis in 1997, US companies had the impact, yet not as much as it was anticipated. Even during the crisis American (FDI) was relatively stable due to several inherent superior measures taken by these companies. The US companies are the leading exporters in the world. American companies accounted for the fifty percent of the semiconductor manufacturing in 2005. According to WTO report, the US exports and commercial activities, such as semi-conductors, computers, vehicle spare parts, and pharmaceutical products reached US$1. 01 trillion in 2003. From 1994 to 2003, US FDI (foreign direct investment) reached US$1. 3 trillion, bringing new technologies and managerial skills to developing countries. In fact the US companies are engine of global growth, without them, the world economy can become stagnant.

Star Formation :: Astronomy

The basic idea of star formation is gravitational collapse – the contraction of a region of gas under the influence of gravity. This is a simple process that would be expected to occur in any region of material dense enough for collisions between atoms to radiate away energy. However, the gas must be dense enough for collisions to occur and the temperature must be low enough for the atomic velocities not to be able to escape the system's gravity, so star formation only occurs in a few areas. The sites of star formation in the galaxy are mostly located within molecular clouds – expansive, cool clouds of mostly hydrogen and helium gas. Molecular clouds are on average too diffuse to contract gravitationally, but within a cloud are regions of locally higher density, which are the sites of active star formation. It is not known exactly what causes molecular clouds and star-forming regions to be distributed as they are. However, it appears to be related to the spiral-arm structure of spiral galaxies, which is thought to be the result of density waves passing through the disk, compressing matter and igniting star formation in their wake, leaving the trails of young, hot, blue stars in their wake that are the primary feature of spiral galaxies. The distribution of gas in these regions is probably erratic enough that once a sufficient compression comes through a large number of separated regions will be triggered to contract individually. One a sufficiently dense region begins to contract, the process becomes self-sustaining, as contraction only increases the density and makes contraction more rapid. Any net rotation in the region will be flattened by conservation of angular momentum as the cloud contracts and spins more rapidly, making the contracting region attain the shape of a disk. The center of mass of the cloud will, of course, be the location of highest density, and as matter rains onto the center it will heat up rapidly to very high temperatures. This 'protostar' will emit strong radiation and winds which, while not immediately enough to stop the influx of matter from the disk, generates powerful outflow jets along the poles of the system, which may also be influenced by magnetic force originating in the disk. Throughout the process the temperature, density, and pressure in the protostar at the center are increasing, and soon approach figures comparable to normal stars. Once the temperature of the center

Child Victims of Domestic Violence

Family today are unfortunately less as a fundamental unit of a healthy society. † Almost all countries in the world are faced with the inability to determine the number of victims of kriminalitetot, and especially when such women. According to UN studies, women are the most frequent victims of sexual violence (50%) attacks of personality (10%) and other attacks on property (10%). For nasilonichkiot kriminalitet family largely lacks impartial witnesses of cases. Efforts made this situation be resolved by reference to the assistance of the closest relatives and friends, and the reference to state institutions is much less common and more severe cases. Victims of such violence are the weakest members of the family. And while pedesttite and shesettite years that children were in the seventies women, but in the eighties were elderly. Nasilnichkite wrongdoing within the family are found very difficult and rare. Conflicts rarely come to light because of fear of revenge nasilnikot, shame on the environment and the desire to maintain good idea for your own marriage, but economic dependence on her husband. Domestic violence is one of preovladuvachkite criminal behavior in more societies and brings razoruvachki implications for the primary victim, a woman, and in terms of the second victim children. In most countries worldwide domestic violence loan sizes to a problem of social character primareno. Domestic violence as a problem affecting the economic and overall development of society and is the result of historical zasnovanata disadvantaged men and women in which it is located in the subordinate position to men. International law to protect children's rights Committee on Protection of Children is an independent body composed of experts who carry out monitoring of potisnichki Parties to the Convention on the proper application of the same, and its two Protocols – the articipation of children in armed conflicts and trafficking of children, child prostitution and pornography . Committee their reports to be summarized by the States Parties that have ratified the Convention and its Protocols. Taken by the UN Convention is a powerful tool for the state to protect the rights of children who have already declared as such. With the signature of this Convention, countries bound themselves to make available all the means at their disposal in the interests of children. Basically â€Å"o† of the Convention is that all children have equal rights to exercise their needs, regardless of where in the world. International Association for the Prevention of abuse of children and their neglect (ISPCAN), announced its release of â€Å"World view on child abuse. This publication gives a full picture of statistics policy abuse separately in approximately 70 countries worldwide. According to statistics published study that 82% of respondents said that their countries have proÃ'Ëœaveno significantly large number of cases in which child abuse occurs. Most of the measures taken by countries to protect children from violence, provide for punitive action against those who abuse children and action to remove the child from the middle and family, which has been exposed to such activities unwashed. Despite the low level of qualifications of persons providing services for the protection of such victims, it is likely that countries will be forced to seek new ways and strategies to protect children from this type of crime, it is necessary to avoid consequences that remain with the child who was subjected to a similar event for a longer period. Consequences for the child's personality Why do I say that violence has major implications for the further development of the overall personality of a child, studies show that most of the women's children had witnessed violence, making their mothers during the period when they are helpless children and could not understand kriminalitetot in action when their Michael is physically abused by their father or father, although the event of a child growing up in his subconscious with him over the years, its objective nedozvoluvaÃ'ËœÃ'Å"i to think and analyze the environment in which e lives. What is interesting in the course of events is that victims of such violence reported cases many years after having become or ceased to continue bullying on their body and psyche, but very rarely happens to explain why they waited much time to record such crimes. As one of the reasons is considered bespomoshnosta of children in these moments, and lack of support from another family member. Often, over the development of children to identify with their parents and be able to adopt a model of behavior in their future family, which means the application of aggressive response to conflict situations. Such a view would mean that if the father was abusive, who abused her child, it is likely that child will become violent if faced with the same conditions in which he lived until he was small. When children in the middle of a people who carried out torture, it inevitably affects the child, even indirectly. Comprehensive review of psiholoshkoto impact of violence against children and full guidelines for conducting assessment of children who have been subjected to violence can not be extended, but can summarize some brief points: First, when there is suspicion that a child has been subjected to violence or witnessed it, the person who will examine the child and must ensure that child to be surrounded by people who will provide security and protection. The physician should keep in mind that all children do not exhibit the same feelings in terms of what they have undergone, and any other traumatic experience. The extent to which children are able to verbaliziraat thoughts and emotion depends on the age of the child and its development level. And the developing characteristics of society, family dynamics and cultural norms. Mnnogu is important if it is found that child sexual abuse to be examined by a specialist review, which will probably be traumalen child needs to be done by a physician experienced in interpretirtaÃ'Å¡e conclusions is also important, the physician should know that the review can be a reminder of nasranot of the child, it is possible and expected child during the review to react spontaneously. Adolescence is a turbulent period D, the effects of violence can cause profound changes SAI personality of adolescents, which will lead to antisotsiÃ'Ëœalno behavior experts in this field argue that child during his life may have symptoms of redozhivuvaÃ'Å¡e Event / e the past. Which may manifest as visual memories of the event – nightmares, social withdrawal, limiting afektot, changes in fear, uncertainty, self-esteem and confidence as the environment, sleep disorders, plashaÃ'Å¡e to go to bed, fear of strangers .. . Conclusion How that can be seen above that, research on child abuse are quite large and attention is made to analyze all types of child abuse and how to detect domestic violence, reasons induce the same as protecting children from those conditions that are forced to live. What unfortunately is not done, is full implementation of conventions and other instruments adopted by NGOs and other international bodies involved in combating this new type kriminalitet whose target groups are precisely those children who have yet to begin develop its entirety in the community. Although there are still some differences in the implementation of child protection in the States, however, I must say that they take steps to eradicate conflicts that are born in the family. Again I say that it is a sensitive issue in terms of that family is a community in which its members are entitled to enjoy family life and discretion; exception to this law is state intervention in times when those same users abusing that right. Despite differences in definitions of domestic violence as it includes child abuse in the same naÃ'Ëœraznovidnata and methodology experts are used in collecting statistical data on children, but today the world is still a large number of children who are subjected to sexual violence within the family, but their case has not yet been discovered; sekoÃ'Ëœdnevo media chiteme found for shocking events where children were zloupotrebuvani their parents, but for various reasons are unable to say.

Tackling Health Inequalities Teenage Pregnancy Health And Social Care Essay

Socio-economic inequalities in wellness have moved up the policy docket and instead than one attack in undertaking adolescent gestation. These attacks can be understood by guaranting an betterment to the wellness of the poorest of the hapless 1s, through contracting the spreads between those in the hapless society and the rich 1s that are to make good, to turn toing the association between socio-economic place and wellness across the population ( Graham, 2004 ) . Public wellness policy in older industrial states is in a procedure of alteration. A narrow concern with advancing population wellness is giving manner to a broader vision of the ends of policy. The broader vision combines a focal point on wellness addition with a committedness to cut downing inequalities in its societal distribution. This committedness is the basis of the United Kingdom new public wellness policies because England ‘s new scheme seeks ‘an betterment to the wellness of the lowest category in society and besides narrow the spread. ‘Tackling wellness inequalities ‘ is a nucleus driver of policy ( Secretary of State, 1999 ) . Development in the UK is in measure with that elsewhere in Europe. Here, the ends of public wellness policy have been redefined to give greater accent ( Gadikou E. E, Murray C. J and Frenk J, 2000 ; Chang W. C, 2002 ) to undertaking systematic differences in the wellness of advantaged and disadvantaged of us that are sick, and some of us that are non. In so many surveies about undertaking wellness inequalities ( Braveman A, Krieger N and Lynch J, 2000 ; Marmot M, 2001 ) , it has been said that wellness inequalities are more widely understood to mention, non to fluctuations between persons, but no differences between societal groups. In most states, including the UK, wellness inequalities are shorthand for socio-economic inequalities in wellness, whether measured at the person or are flat. Health inequalities which relate to other constructions of inequality like gender or ethnicity are typically labeled in these footings as gender inequalities in wellness, cultural inequalities in wellness etc. to undertake wellness inequalities is hence to undertake unfairness ( Milburn A, 2001 ) . To undertake wellness inequalities in teenage gestation, so good wellness is the manner frontward to every person and non merely a peculiar group or set of people. Decreasing wellness disadvantages, contracting wellness spreads and diminishing wellness gradients can be used to undertake wellness inequalities ( Graham, 2004 ) Undertaking Health Inequalities: There has been a really big sum of research on the causes of wellness inequalities in the universe but less grounds on how to cut down, tackle or convey it to a halt. The major purpose of undertaking wellness inequalities is to construct a more equal distribution of wellness between the societal groups so that every single gets to benefits. Health inequalities were known in the UK after the Black Report was published. The Black Report showed that there had been an betterment in wellness across societal categories with the aid of National Health Scheme ( NHS ) . It is clear that the simplest manner to undertake wellness inequalities is to better on the societal determiners of wellness in which the World Health Organization ( WHO ) defined the societal determiners of wellness as ‘the status in which people are born, turn, adapt, work and age including the wellness system. The figure below shows a sum-up of these conditions as proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead ( 1991 ) . Figure 1 Dahlgren G. and Whitehead M. ( 1991 ) In UK in the twelvemonth 1980 when the Black Report was foremost produced on the issues of wellness inequalities. Sir Michael Marmot who is an epidemiologist at University College London, published an article on the relationship between wellness and poorness on the Fair Society, Healthy Lives. He described his article Fair Society as a societal gradient in wellness. Michael Marmot said that the causes of wellness inequalities includes life styles such as smoking which remains more common, drug maltreatment, fleshiness, is increasing fastest, adolescent gestation, amongst the hapless in England on the survey The Economist. Tackling wellness inequalities is described as a committedness ‘to break the nexus between poorness and sick wellness ‘ and ‘also improve the wellness of the lowest category ‘ ( Millburn A, 2001 ) . Reducing Health Disadvantages: At one terminal of the continuum, wellness inequality describes the hapless wellness of hapless groups and communities. Hansard ( 1998 ) said wellness inequality is the nexus between poorness and sick wellness. In this position, wellness inequality is a construct which captures the wellness effects of poorness. Health inequalities are the wellness disadvantages which result from societal disadvantage. It is an apprehension of wellness inequalities which is in line with the authorities ‘s committedness end ‘to make wellness better to the hapless ‘ . It is an of import policy end in which hapless groups and hapless communities endures rates of morbidity and mortality which the remainder of the population has left behind ( Townsend and Davidson, 1982 ; ONS, 2001 ) . There is a powerful moral statement for undertaking these absolute wellness disadvantages. It is an statement which asserts that wellness is a basic demand which no 1 should be unnecessarily denied. It is ‘a really simple freedom, the ability to last instead than yield to premature mortality ‘ . It is a moral place which puts the wellness of the ( planetary ) hapless at the top of the policy docket. World Health Organisation ( WHO, 1999 ) reported that ‘first and first, there is a demand to cut down greatly the load of extra mortality and morbidity suffered by the hapless ‘ . In a state every bit rich as the UK, there are few who would non see the hapless wellness of hapless communities as compromising the simple freedom to last. Average criterions of wellness achieved two decennaries ago should be accomplishable by the poorest now. Specifying wellness inequalities as wellness disadvantages aligns public wellness policy with other elements of the authorities ‘s public assistance programme. It provides a span between the public wellness and societal exclusion docket, maneuvering both towards intercessions targeted at groups vulnerable to societal disadvantage. However, while offering policy advantages, specifying wellness inequalities as wellness a disadvantage is non without its jobs. It turns socio-economic inequality from a construction which impacts on all to a status to which merely those at the underside are exposed. It is the lowest socio-economic groups and the poorest communities who are ‘suffer the result ‘ , ‘health inequalities which is the life style of the people and from low income, hapless instruction, bad lodging, poorness, pollution, low educational criterions, and joblessness ‘ ( DoH, 1998 ) . First, undertaking wellness inequality is non a population broad scheme but it is one confined to sub-groups which make up a comparatively little proportion of the population. Second, undertaking wellness inequality does non widen to conveying degrees of wellness in the poorest groups closer to the national norm. In a society where overall rates of wellness are bettering, absolute betterments in their wellness possibly sufficient to contract the spread between the worst and better away. As a consequence, better wellness among the poorest group has been associated with a widening spread in life anticipation between the underside and the top. Narrowing Health Gaps: At the mid-point on the continuum is a place which focuses non merely on the hapless wellness of hapless groups but besides on their wellness relation to other groups. Here, wellness inequalities are defined in footings of wellness spreads. The Chief Medical Officer ( CMO England, 2001 ) refers to wellness inequality in footings of ‘the spread in wellness between the best off and the worst off in the society ‘ . The marks for undertaking wellness inequalities, nevertheless, follow a different preparation of the wellness spread in footings of the wellness derived functions ( DoH, 2001 ) those in the poorest fortunes and the norm for the population. The wellness spread is a step of wellness inequality widely used in research to compare the wellness of those at the utmost terminals of the socio-economic hierarchy. This construct of wellness inequality is an of import driver for policy which draws attending to the fact that population norms mask broad differences in wellness between societal groups. The moral instance for turn toing wellness spreads is enshrined in the fundamental law of the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) . It suggests that, in any given society, those in the best wellness set a criterion which all should be able to bask. If this is so, it is those in the poorest groups who face the most profound denial of their cardinal human right. This has been an of import focal point of equity-oriented public wellness schemes and in England, wellness inequality marks are wellness spreads marks ( Botting, 2007 ) . Narrowing wellness spreads therefore represents a more ambitious end than rectifying wellness disadvantages. This measure/concept of wellness inequality is an of import driver for policy devising which magnets attending to the fact that the society norms mask broad differences in wellness between groups. As the national norm improves, contracting spreads requires particular attempts to guarantee that figures ( DoH, 2002 ) are non merely maintaining up, but shuting the inequality spread. Reducing wellness gradients~ To foster the continuum, wellness inequalities as an issue in the UK and other European states is non merely about the differences in wellness between the good, the bad and the ugly but alternatively, the relationship between socio-economic place and wellness in a systematic manner. Reduction in wellness gradients have endured across epidemiological periods, cogent evidence in the nineteenth century where infectious/communicable diseases were truly the major cause of decease but now, chronic or Cardio-Vascular disease ( CVD ) diseases has come to remain to take over. Health inequalities follow a societal gradient and to undertake this socio-economic gradient in wellness is truly a challenging policy ( DoH, 2002 ) . The moral instance for undertaking socio-economic gradients lies in the moral equality of people with regard to wellness and merely as World Health Organization fundamental law provinces, the highest come-at-able criterions of wellness ( WHO, 1948 ) should favor everybody regardless the coloring material, race, faith, belief, socio and economic conditions and this rule has long guided Public wellness in England. A socio-economic derived function has a focal point compared to societal disadvantages which widens the frame of wellness inequality policy in three ways: The research for what causes wellness inequality in the society in a systematic difference in life opportunities, the sort of life styles they live and living criterions with people ‘s unequal places in the socio-economic hierarchy Undertaking wellness inequalities becomes a population-wide end to bettering wellness which involves everybody. Reducing wellness gradients provides a comprehensive end to one that subsumes rectifying disadvantages and contracting wellness spreads within the broader end across socio-economic groups. Decrease in socio-economic gradient in teenage gestation, there should be an improve at a faster rate to wellness in other socio-economic groups and policies to rectify wellness disadvantages, shuting the wellness spreads and cut down wellness gradients need to be pursued in tandem. Decision The narrative of wellness inequality is clear because the poorer you are, the more likely you are to be sick and to decease younger. The recent rise in adolescent gestation rates calls for pressing action to cut down or halt the rise and besides originate a lessening in these rates. To efficaciously undertake teenage gestation, wellness inequalities related to teenage gestation demand to be tackled ; the root cause of these inequalities need to be tackled. Health inequalities affect everyone and are evitable ( Woodward & A ; kawachi, 2000 ) . Health inequalities are besides progressively been seen as an unfairness ( Graham, 2004 ) . In other words, good wellness is the right of every person and non merely for a peculiar group or groups of people. These constructs which can be used to undertake wellness inequalities can be complementary instead than reciprocally sole.

Harlem Renaissance Essay Example

Harlem Renaissance Essay Example Harlem Renaissance Essay Harlem Renaissance Essay Essay Topic: The New Negro Summary of Book When Harlem was in Vogue. David L. Lewis’s celebrated history of the Harlem Renaissance. was published by Knopf in1981. The latest edition. a Penguin paper-back book with a aglow new foreword added by the writer. appeared in 1997. In Lewis’s position. the1919 Fifth-Avenue parade observing the return to Harlem from World War I of the celebrated 369th Regiment of the New York National Guard signaled the reaching of a black America ready for the phenomenon that became known as the Harlem Renaissance ; and the bloody 1935 Harlem public violence reflected the dramatic brusqueness with which the Great Depression had already prematurely extinguished the Renaissance’s brief starburst. The heroic 369th – wholly black except for the18 white officers who led it in combat – had so impressed the Gallic High Command that ( contrary to the uttered wants of senior American commanding officers ) they chose it among all Allied forces as the regiment to take the concl uding March to the Rhine. : It was the lone U. S. unit awarded the Croix de Guerre. Its lone black commissioned officer was Jim Europe – a widely-known bandleader – who conducted the regimental set. When America entered World War I. the most influential black rational – W. E. B. DuBois – counseled inkinesss of contending age to function their state unstintingly despite the nation’s acrimonious history of racism and a sequence of dissing determinations by the U. S. military demonstrating that they had small assurance that American Negroes had the bravery or intelligence to function in the armed forces in any but the most humble noncombat functions. DuBois emerged as the steering spirit of the Renaissance. Lewis describes him as the senior rational activist of his people. a symbol of brainy. complex. chesty uprightness. who. although short of stature towered over other work forces. defiant. sturdy ( but maddeningly inconsistent. ) DuBois was a ardent integrationist. His older challenger. Booker T. Washington. was non. Washington. a descendent of slaves who was born to poverty. had counseled American inkinesss to be patient. accepting. hardworking and low. He had led Tuskegee Institute in Alabama from its initiation as a one-room school to its development into a first-quality trade school developing American Negroes for success in the sorts of occupations they could anticipate to happen. Fisk University in Nashville was a black college more to DuBois’s gustatory sensation. Fisk’s end was to be for inkinesss a broad humanistic disciplines college in the finest American traditiion. Washington died in 1915. The following decennary and a half belonged to DuBois and his Talented One-tenth: the black clerisy ( novelists. poets. dramatists. painters. sculpturers. composers. faculty members and the like. ) And a absorbing batch they – and those they interacted with – were. DuBois believed that if educated. enlightened Whites were decently exposed to a go oning watercourse of first rate art from a broad array of black creative persons. they would come to acknowledge a black Talented Tenth every spot as intelligent. cultured and originative as the brightest. best educated. most cultivated Whites. And that. he believed. would be the accelerator for stoping racism and inequality non merely for the Talented Tenth but for inkinesss of all categories. He would turn out distressingly incorrect. During the daredevil mid-twentiess. there was a close bond between Manhattan’s black and white Bohemia: Harlem at the northern tip of the Island and Greenwich Village at the southern terminal. It was a clip. harmonizing to Langston Hughes: when at about every Harlem upper-crust dance or party. one would be introduced to assorted distinguished white famous persons at that place as invitees. . . . when about every Harlem Negro of any societal importance at all would be likely to state casually: As I was noting the other twenty-four hours to Heywood’ – intending Heywood Broun. Or: As I said to George’ – mentioning to George Gershwin. . . . [ a clip ] when local and sing royalty were non uncommon in Harlem. Not all of the creative persons. intellectuals and reformists consisting the Harlem Renaissance or the Lost Generation lived in Harlem or the Village. The two black writers whose fiction launched the Renaissance – Claude McKay and Jean Toomer – were Harlem foreigners who chose to populate anyplace else. Iconoclast H. L. Mencken who set much of the rational tone for both Bohemias lived in Baltimore. Several white authors from the South. including DuBose Heyward. writer of the novel Porgy that Gershwin adopted and adapted. were accepted as satellite members of the elect fraternity of black creative persons and intellectuals that black author Zora Hurston impishly dubbed the Niggerati. Lewis’s point is that the two Bohemia. Harlem and the Village. were besides topographic points in the head – concepts of civilization to be encountered [ at black colleges located elsewhere. ] the Algonquin Hotel dining room or. . . the Left Bank of the Seine. Lewis calls intolerant. anti-intellectual America the common antagonist of the two Bohemia: The black Talented Tenth and the white Lost Generation shared the common premiss that humanistic disciplines and letters had the power to transform a society in which. until deeply altered. there was no topographic point for. . . [ them ] . He concludes. nevertheless. that the two motions drew diametrically opposite decisions from their common premiss. In the Village. Bohemia was a value ; in Harlem it was a scheme. [ The Lost Generation ] were lost in the sense that they had no wish to happen themselves in a mercenary. Mammon-mad. homogenising modern America. [ The ] . . . New Negroes really much wanted full credence by mainstream America. Many of the movers and Shakerss who led the Renaissance were among the really most elegantly educated Americans – white or black. DuBois was an early black alumnus of Harvard. His protege . Howard Professor Alain Locke. graduated from Harvard Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude and went on to Oxford as the first ( and. for 60 old ages. the lone ) Afro-american Rhodes Scholar. Locke. harmonizing to Lewis. was overzealous on civilization. and by culture’ [ Locke ] . . . intend all that was non common. vulgar or racially unsavory. Locke yearly told Howard freshers that the highest rational responsibility is the responsibility to be cultured. Charles Johnson. a masterful booster of African American authors. was a grad pupil at the University of Chicago when he emerged into public position by authoring a 700-page study for a select Commission appointed to analyze the violent 1919 Chicago race public violence which had left 38 dead. 537 wounded and more than 1. 000 homeless. The National Urban League hired Johnson as editor of Opportunity. the League’s new monthly. Johnson’s end for Opportunity was to redeem through art the standing of his people. In Lewis’s position. although Johnson had considerable self-importance. it was his nature – and passion – to work in secret and patiently behind the scenes. recruiting and steering others into the limelight. It was Johnson who orchestrated the 1924 dinner sponsored by Opportunity magazine that resulted in the Harlem Renaissance being foremost recognized as a motion and having its name. Johnson chose as locale for the dinner Manhattan’s Civic Club. The lone upper-crust New York nine without colour or gender limitations. the Civic Club had become an of import meeting land for black and white progressives. The apparent ground for the dinner was to observe the publication of There Is Confusion. a novel by Jesse Fauset. a immature Afro-american adult female who was adjunct editor to DuBois of The Crisis. the NAACP’s monthly magazine. Fauset. like Locke from an established old-Philadelphia black household. chose as her topics for the novel educated. upper category inkinesss. Johnson’s program for the jamboree. nevertheless. extended good beyond honouring Fauset. He asked Frederick Allen. so Harper and Brothers editor. to choose and ask for a representative group of noteworthy white authors and intellectuals. including Mencken. Eugene O’Neill and Carl Van Doren. Johnson himself invited non merely the best known black authors and intellectuals. including DuBois. James Weldon Johnson. Locke. McKay and Toomer. but besides a broad array of talented but still vague black authors. including Hughes. The event was a immense success. The victors of Opportunity’s first literary competition received money awards. Carl Van Doren forecast a sparkling hereafter for Afro-american authors who. he thought. would convey sorely needed energy and verve to a slightly pale American literary landscape. Reasoning the evening’s celebrations. Johnson announced that Opportunity would patronize another competition and feast the undermentioned twelvemonth. After the plan. the editor of Survey Graphic magazine offered to give an full issue to the work of gifted black authors. Survey Graphic’s particular edition entitled: Harlem: Mecca of the New Negro appeared the following twelvemonth to rave reappraisals. Gross saless exceeded twice the magazine’s normal circulation. Opportunity’s 2nd feast was even more successful than the Civic Club matter. 316 invitees attended. At the banquet’s terminal. Johnson announced that support for the undermentioned year’s competition and feast was already in manus from a man of concern: Casper Holstein. Holstein’s concern was the Numberss racket. a concern he had invented in New York and would entirely command until the 30s when Dutch Schultz shouldered him to the side. During the four old ages following the Civic Club dinner. there was an avalanche of black creativeness: novels. poesy. dramas. picture. sculpture. music. the acting humanistic disciplines and unfavorable judgment. DuBois. Locke. James Weldon Johnson. Fauset. Walter White ( the NAACP’s Assistant Executive Secretary ) and a host of others – white every bit good as black – provided advice. and leading and led the cheers. The magazines of the two civil rights organisations. Opportunity and The Crisis. played cardinal functions. printing poesy. short narratives. essays and exposure of pictures and sculptures eve ry bit good as critics’ pieces measuring the literary. acting and other artistic work of Renaissance creative persons. When the work of a author or other creative person appeared in The Crisis. that work received broad circulation. DuBois’s editorship of The Crisis had been so successful that. by 1919. it was selling 100. 000 transcripts monthly. Lewis notes that during a clip of rampant illiteracy when harsh demands on their laboring hours left black workers small clip. the magazine someway found its manner into sharecroppers’ cabins and cramped mill workers’ tenements. frequently lying following to the household Bible. Among the many white authors who gave support to the Negro Renaissance were Sherwood Anderson. Theodore Dreiser. John Dos Passos. Malcolm Cowley. Lewis Mumford. Lincoln Steffens. Robert Benchley and Fanny Hurst. Generous support and sponsorship for Renaissance creative persons and for the civil rights organisations every bit good. came from a figure of foundations and besides from affluent persons. Chicago concern leader Julius Rosenwald and the Rosenwald Foundation were among the most generous. The Garland Foundation did much to promote Afro-american artistic accomplishment. patronizing awards competitions. doing money grants and confabulating gifts. among other things. Another foundation. the Harmon. sponsored a Traveling Exhibition of the Work of Negro Artists. which shipped a big aggregation of pictures and sculpture to 50 metropoliss. accompanied by many transcripts of a thick expensively illustrated catalog with text by Locke. More than 150. 000 viewed the Exhibition. The most colourful of the single frequenters was Charlotte Mason Osgood. a enormously affluent Park Avenue socialite dowager fascinated by the crude and alien in art. Among her many black proteges were Locke ( whom she called her precious brown boy and was her emissary to the Talented Tenth ) ; Langston Hughes ( whom she called her most cherished child ) ; the immature novelist. Zora Hurston ; and painter Aaron Douglas. Promoting them to name her Godmother. she liberally subsidized their day-to-day lives with monthly stipends. autos and the similar and amply rewarded their artistic accomplishments. She thought this entitled her to give way to their work. She repeatedly instructed Langston Hughes to be primitive in more of his authorship. Finally he demurred. inquiring her to release him from her imperium [ and ] attempt to accept his new thoughts. and showing the hope that her friendly relationship that had been so beloved to him would go on. With acrimonious maledictions. the old lady cast him for all clip from her Park Avenue Eden. From the beginning DuBois. Charles Johnson. patrician James Weldon Johnson and other civil rights organisation leaders sought to promote black creative persons to take as their topics educated. upper category inkinesss and to avoid picturing Negro life as crude. alien. animal or titillating – properties frequently associated with the poorly-educated Afro-american lower class life in utmost poorness. They were non peculiarly successful in this enterprise. although they themselves limited their ain originative authorship to the portraiture of decorous upper category Afro-american life. Lewis captures the ultimate result of this contretemps in his treatment of painter Palmer Hayden’s still life. Fetich et Fleurs: It gave back absolutely the ethos of the Renaissance – natural seeming appositions if non perfect brotherhood of refined esthesia and dark powers. One of the more utmost attempts to sensationalize the underbelly of Afro-american life was the fresh Nigger Heaven by white author. Carl Van Vechten. Van Vechten. who had earlier been the New York Times music critic. had famously played a cardinal function as an of import white affair between Harlem authors and Greenwich Village elite. On countless occasions. he had introduced talented immature black creative persons to publishing houses. esteemed creative persons and other movers and Shakerss in the white community who could be helpful toward progressing their callings. He and his married woman. poet Fania Marinoff. hosted legion parties to which they invited both Harlem Renaissance and white creative persons and intellectuals. They besides attended infinite black-hosted. mixed-race parties in Harlem and were familiar figures at the Harlem nines and speakeasies that white New Yorkers were progressively patronizing. In effect. Van Vechten. prior to authoring Nigger Heaven. had been heartily welcomed into the clique of elect inkinesss and their particular white confidants that immature black novelist Hurston had dubbed the Niggerati. Nigger Heaven’s blunt word picture of the Negro lower class made it clearly controversial for the black clerisy. However. in a parallel narrative line. the novel besides portrayed the refined life style of the urbane. sophisticated black clerisy. Many taking Harlem Renaissance figures could easy place themselves among the book’s characters. On the whole. they were depicted rather sympathetically. which likely persuaded many of them. including Langston Hughes and James Weldon Johnson. to praise the book. Other inkinesss. including more than a few Renaissance intellectuals. thought the book repugnant. Arch image breaker George Schuyler. Harlem’s opposite number to Mencken. deplored the ever-present need of white authors in portraying the Negro. to demo that even when he appears to be civilized. it is merely necessary to crush a tom Tom or beckon a rabbit’s pes and he is ready to deprive off his Hart Schaffner A ; Marx suit and sit away wild-eyed on the dorsum of a crocodile. Renaissance authors repeatedly visited the affair of black individuality – peculiarly as impacted by the forced crossbreeding all excessively common to slavery and the attendant pick confronting light-skinned African americans of whether to traverse over and base on balls as white. The writer’s ain tegument colour could deeply impact his position on these affairs. Although Lewis does non expressly say so. possibly mostly mute. but invariably vibrating on the fringe. was an overarching paradox. Expressed at its most utmost: Is a individual – all of whose ascendants are white save one octoroon gramps – black? If so – by that definition – are virtually all of us who consider ourselves white. in fact black. Another common yarn running through much Renaissance authorship was the position that slavery-era hybridization and other facets of the Negro’s debatable history in the U. S. had become insurmountable obstructions to any meaningful go oning connexion to African inkinesss. In Hughes’s short narrative. Burutu Moon. the storyteller. an Afro-american visiting Africa in hunt of his roots. asks his African host to see a Ju-Ju dance. No. him excessively atrocious! White adult male neer go. But I’m non a white adult male. the storyteller objected. You no black adult male neither. Lewis provides a hoarded wealth trove of intriguing item about Harlem life in the 20s. Did you know. for illustration. that Harlem’s celebrated Cotton Club did non acknowledge inkinesss as invitees. but merely as performing artists? Particularly gratifying is Lewis’s colourful description of the rent parties that flat renters threw to raise money for their monthly rent: Saturda y darks were terrific in Harlem. but rent parties every dark were the particular passion of the community. Their very being was avoided or hardly acknowledged by most Harlem authors. like that other rare and challenging establishment. the counter level where varied and frequently perverse sexual pleasances were offered cafeteria -style. With the exclusion of Langston Hughes and Wallace Thurman. about noone. . . admitted go toing a rent party. These were times. Willie ( the Lion ) Smith callbacks. when the mean Negro household did non let the blues. or even raggedy music. played in their places. In fact. though. it often came about that. after a staid parlour assemblage and after the nightclubs closed. poets and authors ( and even an NAACP functionary ) would follow instrumentalists to one of these every night rent-paying rites. If sweet mamma is running wild. and you are looking for a Do-right kid. merely come about and linger – crooned a printed invitation preserved by Langston Hughes to one of the more luxuriant personal businesss. Or Cora Jones’s at 187 West 148th Street : Let your dad drink the whiskey/Let your mamma drink the wine/ But you come to Cora’s/And make the Georgia swot. . . . Rent parties began anytime after midnight. ululation and stomping sometimes good into morning in a miasma of fume. liquor. collard leafy vegetables. and hot music. Willie the Lion Smith called them jumps. ’ shouts. ’ or struts. ’ where. for a one-fourth. you would see all sorts of people doing the party scene ; officially dressed society folks from down- town. police officers. painters. carpenters. mechanics. truckmen in their workingmen’s apparels. gamblers. tribades. and entertainers of all sorts. . . . At the more luxuriant prances. along approximately 3 a. m. pacing would accelerate when Willie the Lion. James P. Johnson. Claude Hopkins. Fats Waller. or Corky Williams – and even Edward Kennedy ( Duke ) Ellington – arrived palm-slapping and tuning up. The Great Depression blew out the visible radiations of the Harlem Renaissance. The awards competitions. grants and gifts dried up. Circulation of The Crisis and Opportunity turned aggressively down. their budgets were reduced and they struggled to last. The two Samuel johnsons left the civil rights organisations for chairs at all-black Fisk University in Nashville. The end product of Talented Tenth authors and other creative persons declined to a drip. And the proposition that racial bias in America could be extinguished by dazing literature and art produced by the Talented Tenth was exposed as the myth it had ever been. Lynchings increased – making a sum of 28 in 1934. Lesser Acts of the Apostless of dogmatism appeared to be distributing. non decreasing. As the White House made agreements to implement a Congressional grant to pave the manner for World War I gold-star female parents to go by ocean line drive to Europe for a graveyard circuit. angry letters from white female parents poured in objecting to its program to hold white and black adult females travel on the same vas. The disposal reversed class. The white female parents sailed off quickly in self-respect on a excellent ship. The black female parents followed well subsequently in a second-class vas. The Renaissance had non even improved the batch of the Talented Tenth. Paul Robeson and his married woman were turned off from the Guild Room of London’s Savoy Hotel after protests by other American tourers. The Robesons had often gone at that place in the yesteryear. and he was about to return to America for a concert circuit beginning in Carnegie Hall. On this eventide. nevertheless. the direction informed Robeson that the Hotel did non allow Negroes to come in the suites any longer. ’ Similarly. the founder-publisher of Chicago’s Defender and his married woman were asked to go forth their London hotel after one twenty-four hours because other American invitees had protested their presence and threatened to blacklist the hotel by word of oral cavity. They eventually found lodging in a private place. Carl Van Vechten’s married woman. Fania Marinoff. was quoted as stating that after tast [ ing ] all the drinks in all the speakeasies and traveling to hundreds of parties in flats. dark nines. honky tonks and speakeasies in Harlem and the Village. it all seemed very hollow. I neer liked it. she observed. observing more significantly that Van Vechten was equally weary of that life. Reacting in choler. The Pittsburg Courier. a newspaper widely circulated to the black community. announced: Let that be a warning to Negroes who bow and scrape to sponsoring Whites. Most dramatic. possibly. was the instance of W. E. B. DuBois. DuBois outraged his Talented-Tenth adherents by printing essays in The Crisis. recommending what he provokingly called segregation. which he described more specifically as voluntary action to increase our separation from our fellow work forces. He advocated it as a step toward the ultimate interrupting down of barriers. For Walter White. so the NAACP’s Executive Secretary. this was the last straw. He demanded that DuBois recant or go forth the NAACP. DuBois left. On March 19. 1935. Lewis concludes. the public violence expecting its immediate cause swept down Lenox Avenue with 10 thousand angry Harlemites destructing two million dollars in white-owned commercial belongings. By the following forenoon. three inkinesss had died. 30 people were hospitalized and one hundred were in gaol.

Before and Ago

Before and Ago Before and Ago Before and Ago By Maeve Maddox I came across the following sentence in a writers movie synopsis: [a man] passes away and bequeaths his shack on the island to a woman, a young girl that he met many years ago when he was in a prisoner of war hospital. The word that jars is ago where before is called for. before at some unknown time before now. ago at a certain time before, counting back from the present Another way of writing the above sentence would be to make use of a perfect tense: [a man] passes away and bequeaths his shack on the island to a woman, a young girl that he had met many years before when he was in a prisoner of war hospital. Even if the lapse of time had been specified, the sentence would still call for before: Â  [a man] passes away and bequeaths his shack on the island to a woman, a young girl that he met twenty years before, when he was in a prisoner of war hospital. Ago is for counting back from the present. The man is dead in the present described in the synopsis. Therefore before, not ago, is called for. For variation, you can use earlier or previously to indicate a time before a time already in the past. For a more detailed discussion of the uses of ago and before go here. Â   Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before Words34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterWoof or Weft?

Media Ethics class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Ethics class - Essay Example Definitely, this is a bit misconstrued given the very personal nature of the relationships revealed from the start. However, the fact that Nev was already aware of the fact that something was â€Å"amiss† may suggest that they only wanted to get to the bottom of the story, â€Å"see the story through†. In this regard, I would consider their decision to travel to Michigan as an ethical act. This position is informed by the sensitivity and relevance of the issue at hand. Facebook is currently the most subscribed form of social media( Plaisance 167 ). All persons who subscribe to it have different goals as evidenced by the documentary, therefore, it would be important for the media to educate the masses on this aspect. This way, the media plays its critical role which is educating people on the various perspectives and the widespread intentions of people taking to social media. I look at the decision to travel to Michigan as a way of providing the reality check and bringin g to the viewers the intrigues and deceptions that can take place in the social media. This way, the public is informed and hopefully individuals are able to take due caution in interacting with strangers in social media. This ethical stance is informed by Jeremy Bentham’s and John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism theory. The theory asserts that the right course of action is that which maximizes utility it is that which delivers greatest good to the greatest number. In this case, Nev and Ariel upset a few people, the Abby’s family, to educate the entire public on the deceptions and misrepresentations that can be carried on social media. This arguably benefits a large population which would have been oblivious of such reality. Further, this view is very much in line with Plaisance thoughts on the media people who must recognize that they are creatures of community and must take the responsibility towards others as we are all interconnected and must care for each other (Plaisance

Understanding carbohydrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding carbohydrates - Essay Example Carbohydrates are a major source of energy needed for accomplishing everyday physical activities and bodily functions. According to the Canadian Sugar Institute (1997), carbohydrates make up for 40 to 80 percent of the total food energy intake among humans worldwide. As the name implies, carbohydrates are carbon hydrates, that is, they are formed from the union of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are commonly taken from cereals, root crops, sugar crops, pulses, vegetables, fruit and milk products (Canadian Sugar Institute, 1997).Some sources of carbohydrates have undergone processing and therefore have different effects on the body as compared to those carbohydrates that did not go through refinements or processes. Because of this, it becomes essential to properly select the carbohydrate-rich foods that would be included in the everyday diet.Carbohydrates, also referred to as saccharides, are basically divided into simple and complex types. The simple carbohydrates are monosaccharid es, or the simple sugars such as glucose, which are composed of single chain molecules of sugar. Complex carbohydrates are made up of di- or polysaccharides, which means that several monosaccharides make up the molecular structure. Simple and complex carbohydrates can be distinguished by taste. Simple carbohydrates are sweet, while the complex types, such as potatoes, are not (Kennedy, 2006).There are other ways of classifying carbohydrates. For example, the Canadian Sugar Institute (1997) classified them into three: sugars, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates supply energy to the body once it is turned into glucose. When food rich in carbohydrates are ingested, they are broken down into a simple form of sugar, glucose, which is then absorbed by the red blood cells for energy (Kennedy, 1997). It is also the preferred source of energy by the brain, the nervous system, placenta and fetus (United States Department of Agriculture [USDA], 2005, p. 1). When carbohydrates are converted into simple sugar, not all of the sugar is used for energy, and some are stored as glycogen. For athletes or individuals wishing to complete high intensity workout lasting for 90 minutes or more, carbo-loading is essential in order to store more glycogen and thereby enhance stamina and performance (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2004). This, however, is not recommended for people who are only engaging in normal everyday activities. Carbohydrates are also essential vehicles for micronutrients and phytochemicals, and they are also important in maintaining glycemic homeostatis and for gastro-intestinal function (Canadian Sugar Institute, 1997). They are most beneficial if they are taken from nutrient-rich sources such as fruits and vegetables. Scientists and medical professionals usually differentiate one carbohydrate from another using the glycemic index. This index is based on the comparative increases in the level of blood glucose (sugar) as the carbohydrate-rich food is ingested (Iowa State University Extension, 2003). Foods with a low glycemic index are digested slowly resulting in a gradual increase in blood sugar. These foods would include high-fiber fruits and vegetables, whole grain products, and legumes. Foods with high glycemic index are easily digested causing a rapid increase in blood sugar. These usually include processed food such as white bread, refined cereal products and candy bars because processing removes the fiber content, which slows down the conversion of carbohydrates into blood sugar. The glycemic index is often used to help balance blood sugar levels in people suffering from diabetes. However, some dieticians are not satisfied with the use of this index, as it does not address other factors relating to excess intake of sweeteners such as fructose, which registers with a low glycemic index (Wylie-Rosett, Segal-Isaacson & Segal-Isaacson, 2004, p.